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Science and Higher Education Legal Regulations in Central and South-Eastern European Countries

Invited speakers from Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, and Slovenia presented legal regulations of science and higher education in their countries in a pro and con way. They are scientists and, at the same time, specialists in the field of legal regulations of science and higher education: either juridical specialists or those involved in the application of laws (notably rectors and institute directors) from different countries. The following points in science regulations are elaborated: 1. Who decides on the percentage of the gross national product allocated to science and on what basis ; how it is distributed and who decides (and how) on its distribution ; 2. The evaluation system used for scientific projects ; 3. The equipping and maintenance of scientific institutes and universities ; 4. The role of scientists in decision-making ; 5. The system used to finance young scientists ; 6. Possibilities arising in the financing of interdisciplinary projects by different institutions ; 7. How priorities in world science are connected with priorities in particular countries ­ which bodies decide on the distributions of money, projects, new equipment and on the opening of new institutes and universities. In higher education regulations the following points are elaborated: 1. Planning the number of enrolled students per study: who decides and how ­ faculties, specialist areas, universities or the Ministry ; admission policies ; admission fees ; 2. Study duration and success: exam regulations, benefits, fellowships, fees, the role of students in evaluating subjects, demands on lectures, number of lecturers per students ; 3. Experience with the European Course Credit Transfer System (ECTS) ; the Bologna Charter ; 4. Development, modernisation and planning ­ who decides and how: which bodies and who are their members ; election principles, requests, and speed of elections and re-election of lecturers and scientists at the universities ; stimulation, expediency and promptness of decision-making, 5. Organisation of universities: 5.1. Who is the owner of buildings and equipment ­ university, faculty, or department ; 5.2. Who decides on projects, development, teaching programmes, investment, cooperation, evaluation, elections, maintenance.

science legal regulations; higher education legal regulation; Central Europe

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