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Medical ethics and deontology in tradition of Croatian medical association during the period 1874-1993. (CROSBI ID 470216)

Prilog sa skupa u zborniku | sažetak izlaganja sa skupa | međunarodna recenzija

Belicza, Biserka Medical ethics and deontology in tradition of Croatian medical association during the period 1874-1993. // International Symposium on Biomedical Ethics-Informd Consent in European Reality / Belicza, Biserka (ur.). Zagreb: Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti (HAZU), 1999. str. 1-3-x

Podaci o odgovornosti

Belicza, Biserka

engleski

Medical ethics and deontology in tradition of Croatian medical association during the period 1874-1993.

Promotion and protection of physicians interests have been declared as one of the most important goals of the newley established Society of Physicians of the City of Zagreb in 1845, and Association of Physicians of the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia - present Croatian Medical Association, established in 1874. As in other European Medical Associations of that time, their aim was primarily oriented toward improvement and preservation of social and economical status of their members, as well as of physicians in Croatia in general. Development of medical ethics and deontology in the tradition of Croatian Medical Association is analysed and presented in the periods 1874-1920; 1920-1945; 1945.-1990; and1990-1993. Period 1874-1920. In 1876, Association of Physicians of the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia has edited a publication entitled "The doctors' order and the community. Discussion on their mutual duties" in Croatian and German language. The same text was published in 1895 in Liečnički viestnik -Medical Journal, elaborating two main topics: a) duties of physicians toward their patients and duties of the patients toward their physicians; and b) mutual duties between fellow colleagues and the entire doctors profession. The relationship among physicians in order to protect the professional status and establish professional behavior, based upon the principles of professional medical morality , deonthology and traditional medical ethics was emphasized as the main aim. In 1899 the need for establishing "The Code of Ethics of the Association of Physicians of the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia" has been inaugurated. A proposal for Establishing the "Court of Honor" was presented in 1900. In 1901 a document, called "Glavna načela liječničke časti" - The Main Principles of Physician Honor was accepted at the Annual Conference of the Association. Following three items were addressed in this Document: I Doctors among themselves; II Doctors towards the patients; III The public status of Doctors. It was for the first time that the Association of Physicians of the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia developed and established a professional deonthological conduct for its members. Simultaneously, ethical and deonthological aspects of medical practice in Croatia have been regulated through the State Legal and Normative Acts which was greatly influenced by the supreme government of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, including even the mere act of a physician taking an oath when sworn into the medical profession. Period 1920-1945. Second period started at the end of World War I , followed by the collapse of Austro-Hungarian Empire and the establishment of the kingdom of Serbia , Croatia and Slovenia , later Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Political changes were connected with the reorganization of public health organization , medical practice and health insurance system as well as with the development of Medical Chambers. These events have not diminished the authority of the Association of Physicians of Croatia , Slavonia and Medjumurje in the field of medical ethics and deonthology. On the contrary, for the first time in 1920, the Rules of the Association of Physicians of Croatia, Slavonia and Medjumurje , in the article regulating the name, headquarters and aim of the society explicitly points out promotion of medical sciences; interests of peoples and public health; social, economical and ethical interests of medical profession; fostering mutual support and discipline within the profession, representation of the doctors' order in an appropriate manner, anrd to provide moral and material assistance to its members.". According to this statement, in 1922 the renewed Main principles of Physicians Honor were been created for the members of this society. After the establishment of Medical chambers in 1923, and development of centralised - state health administration, there is no indication of any attempt to change the Main principles of Physicians Honor. Period 1945 -1990. After the World War II in the period of so-called Second Yugoslavia, ethical norms for Croatian physicians were developed and established by the Association of Physicians of Yugoslavia. From 1948 up to the collapse of Second Yugoslavia Association of Physicians of Yugoslavia and the Parliament of Socialist Federal Republic Yugoslavia accepted and ratified documents like International code of Ethics developed by WMA, including Geneva, Helsinki and Tokyo Declarations, as well as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and variety of other Conventions related to particular aspects of Medicine and Health care. It was the Association of Physicians of Croatia that gave the Association of Physicians of Yugoslavia authorities initiative to create unique ethical code. Process started in 1956 and new ethical code was accepted in 1963 under the name "The Health Workers' Ethical Code of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia". Contrary to previous ethical codes related to physicians only, this code was an official ethical code of all health workers in the territory of the former Yugoslavia as well as all members of the Association of Physicians in all republics. This meant of the members of Association of Physicians of Croatia as well as of all health workers in public health institutions, social health insurance and public health administration in the Socialist Republic of Croatia. The issue of the relationship between the health worker and patients, particularly the issue of informing the patient is present in several articles, but there is no reference to the principle such as patient's autonomy . But the term consent - is mentioned only with relation to the participation of a patient in research. " Studying as well as testing scientific methods on a man are allowed only if they are medically and biologically justified, if the one who is being examined is aware of the importance of the experiment and of possible consequences and if all precautions are undertaken and with his voluntary consent ".Until recently "Informed Consent" in Croatia has been mostly understood only as imperative for Clinical Trials and Biomedical research. There were no formal obstruction or decree that would forbidden the implementation of the principle of "informed consent" in routine health-care practice in primary, secondary and tertiary health care system, as well as in Clinical practice in Croatia, as it became the case in some other European countries. Much stronger impact in the field of legislation had parallel events of importance in medical technology, for example dialysis, kidney, heart, organ and tissue transplantation. Period 1990-1993. Since the establishment of Republic of Croatia as an independent country in 1990, Association of Physicians of Croatia, got the main role in establishing its new code of ethics. In 1991 the Commission for Human Rights and Medical Ethics of Croatian Medical Association was founded. On February 26th, 1993. General Assembly of Croatian Medical Association announced and accepted Croatian Medical Association-Code of Ethics which includes: Basic principles; Duties towards the Patient; Family Planing and the Regulation of Human Fertility; The Dying Patient; Tissue and Organ Transplant; Biomedical Research; Relation with Persons with Limited Freedom; Relation to other Physicians, the Medical Profession, and the Croatian Medical Association. In this 1993 Croatian Medical Association - Code of Ethics, for the first time elements of informed consent are implemented and categorically founded in Chapter 2. Duties toward the Patient; Chapter 4. The Dying Patient; Chapter 5. Tissue and Organ Transplant; Chapter 6. Biomedical Research; and Chapter 7. Relation with Persons with Limited Freedom.

Medical ethics; deontology; Croatia; history; Croatian medical association; Code of ethics; doctor-patient relationship;information; consent; informed consent; 1874-1993.

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Podaci o prilogu

1-3-x.

1999.

objavljeno

Podaci o matičnoj publikaciji

International Symposium on Biomedical Ethics-Informd Consent in European Reality

Belicza, Biserka

Zagreb: Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti (HAZU)

Podaci o skupu

International Symposium on Biomedical Ethics-Informd Consent in European Reality

predavanje

26.02.1999-27.02.1999

Zagreb, Hrvatska

Povezanost rada

nije evidentirano