engleski

Influence on winter wheat reduced soil tillage systems on soli compaction in east Croatia conditions

Investigation of soil compaction under five winter wheat soil tillage treatments (1. conventional, standard tillage - ploughing (20 cm), diskharrowing, 2. diskharrowing, 3. tillage by multitiller with shallow chisels (10 - 15 cm), 4. seedbed preparation + sowing by Rotosem (RAU Rotosem - combination of rototiller and pneumatic seeder), 5. ploughing, seedbed preparation + sowing by Rotosem) were carried out on humogley in eastern part of Croatia (Eastern Slavonia - Drenovci) during two years (1993/94 - 1994/95), twice by year, after initial tillering and ear emergence (stages 2.1 and 5.4 according to Zodoks). The soil compaction in the first 30 cm of depth varied considerably owing to the weather conditions (the years were not favorable for winter wheat production, included high precipitation of rain through spring storms, and overheated early summer droughts) and much more to the soil tillage treatments. Every year and in two year average the lowest average compaction from 3 layers (0-10, 10-20 an 20-30 cm) was obtained by ploughing and sowing by Rotosem (3.61 MPa, in range between 3.35 to 4.05 MPa), followed closely by conventional soil tillage (3.77 MPa, average span between 3.45 and 4.23 MPa). The differences comparing to the other treatments were in main cases at significant (P=1%) level. Generally, the highest soil compaction gave the treatments 4 (seedbed preparation + sowing by Rotosem) and 3 (multitiller), which presented cone resistance comparing to the conventional tillage compaction were significantly higher for 2.37 MPa or 63% and 1.78 MPa or 47%. Regarding to layer depths, the highest compactions were recorded in deepest soil layer (20-30 cm), mainly with highly significant differences between ploughed and non-ploughed tillage treatments. Practically, all investigated tillage practices showed normal soil conditions for winter wheat root growth only in the first 10 cm layers, and highly significant higher compaction in the deepest layers (20-30 cm depth), which was reflected on winter wheat yield.

soil compaction; tillage; reduced tillage; ploughing; diskharrowing; multitiller; chisels; Rotosem; winter wheat; yield

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