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James Parkinson: Physician Turned Natural Scientist And Politician Then Turned Back Into The Annals Of Medicine

James Parkinson was born on April 11, 1755 in Shoreditch, London, England. He was the son of John Parkinson, an apothecary and surgeon practicing in Hoxton Square in London. James studied at London Hospital Medical College for 6 months and was apprenticed to his father for 6 years. In 1784, he was approved by the Corporation of London as a surgeon and one year later, James married Mary Dale with whom he had six children. His most famous work was "An Essay on the Shaking Palsy", in which he first described paralysis agitans, condition known as Parkinson's disease. In this short essay, Parkinson established the disease as a clinical entity. Parkinson's interest turned to geology, and paleontology, and he began collecting specimens and drawings of fossils. In 1822 he published the shorter "Elements of Oryctology: an Introduction to the Study of Fossil Organic Remains, especially of those found in British Strata". Parkinson was also a political activist. Under the pen name of `Old Hubert', he wrote pamphlets, which were critical of King George III. In 1805 Parkinson published "Observations on the Nature and Cure of Gout" and reported on a perforated and gangrenous appendix with peritonitis in 1812, probably the earliest description of that condition in English medical literature. He became the first recipient of the Honorary Gold Medal of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1822. He died in 1824 and was buried in St. Leonard's Church in Shoreditch, where he also served as churchwarden. Parkinson received little attention by his colleagues, as J. G. Rowntree wrote in 1912: "English born, English bred, forgotten by the English and the world at large, such was the fate of James Parkinson.

James Parkinson; history; biography

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