engleski

Second annual report of Partner 3 (RBI) within SARIB project

In the second year of SARIB project Partner No. 3 Rudjer Bošković Institute contributed to different work packages as follows: to WP2 with catchment dividing lines for Sava River in Croatia ; Corine Land Cover in Croatia ; Croatian monitoring stations-hydrologic ; Croatian monitoring stations-meteorologic: annual & monthly discharges (until 2000)- excel format annual & monthly precipitation (until 2000)- excel format annual & monthly air temperature (until 2000)- excel format Partner 3 contributed to WP6: Dissemination of information on SARIB project to the potential end-users: Secretary of International Sava River Basin Commission, Dr. Dejan Komatina ; Informatic service of the Croatian Environment Agency, Mr. Marijo Vranaričić. Organized 3rd Consortium meeting at the Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, October, 2005. Dissemination of information on SARIB at the Conferences: 26th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistant Organic Pollutants - DIOXIN 2006, August 21-25, 2006, Oslo, Norway, presentation &laquo ; Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated insecticides in the liver and muscle tissues of the European chub (Leuciscus cephalus) from the Sava River (Croatia)&raquo ; by Violeta Čalić, N. Picer, M. Picer. 9th Croatian Biological Congress, September 23-29, 2006, Rovinj, Croatia, presentations on &laquo ; Metallothionein and metal (Cu, Zn, Cd) concentrations in liver cytosol of chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) from Sava river&raquo ; by Marijana Podrug, Z. Dragun, M. Erk, B. Raspor, and &laquo ; Ecotoxicological indicators of pollution in the European chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.)- Research within the EU FP6 "SARIB" project&raquo ; by Sanja Krča. Main research activities of Partner 3 occurred in WP3.B:” Availability and impact of pollutants on biota” Research area coincides with the feral fish (Leuciscus cephalus) catchment locations: 1) Otok Samoborski ; 2) Sava in front of Jarun lake in Zagreb ; 3) Oborovo ; 4) Lukavec Posavski ; 5) Jasenovac ; 6) Košutarica. Sampling technique adopted according to the standard HRN EN 14011:2005, Water quality-Sampling of fish with electricity. In the 2nd year of the project European chub catchment occurred in September 2005 and April/May 2006. Altogather 162 specimens collected and processed. Database on 69 specimens from the 1st year amended with the data from the 2nd year. It includes bacteriological examination of gills, liver, spleen, kidney, ecto- and endoparasites, virusological examination and histological analysis of liver, kidney, spleen and intestine, including the bacteriological analysis of ambient water at the site of fish sampling. At the 4th Consortium meeting in Sarajevo 2006 overview on health status of E. chub was presented. Passive samplers for organic pollutants (SPMD) and metals (DGT) were deployed in order to define bioavailable concentration of pollutants. In the 2nd year of the project deployment occurred over the extended period in autumn 2005 and spring 2006. Chronic exposure and effects of pollutants to E. chub were assessed by the following biomarkers: - vitellogenin (fish plasma shipped to Partner 10 to be analysed by means of validated ELISA method) ; - metallothioneins (MT) in fish liver as detoxification organ related to metal exposure ; - metallothioneins (MT) in gills as a respiratory organ and important metal uptake route ; - cytosolic concentrations of metals (Zn, Cu, Cd) that induce metallothionein synthesis ; - enzymatic activity EROD in fish liver inducible in response to organic pollutants PAHs, PCBs, dioxins and some pesticides ; - effect endpoints (AMES test) in fish liver ; - hydroxylated PAHs metabolites in fish bile. Summarized results: Prevailing are 2 and 3 years old E. chub specimens. Basal level of MT in liver cytosol was defined as (300&plusmn ; 30) mg/mL S50. To reduce the influence of biotic factors (fish age and sex), gills were selected as more appropriate in response to metal exposure and MT levels. Biological assessment of metal availability based on cytosolic metal concentrations in chub gills indicates to the elevated cytosolic Cd concentrations at Oborovo location. The same trend exists for MT level and gills mass. In the gill cytosol concentrations of Zn, Cu and Mn are kept at the defined level, irrespective of metal concentration in the surrounding water. On the contrary, in the gill cytosol concentrations of Fe and Cd are not regulated and reflect the available ambient concentrations. In Sava River water total dissolved metal concentrations (filtered and acidified) were determined in order to define backround concentrations of priority pollutants according to the Water Framework Directive and to compare with the evironmental quality standards (EQS) for inland surface waters. For Cd, Pb and Ni the concentrations are significantly lower than the annual average EQS. Bioavailable metal concentrations estimated with passive samplers (Diffusive Gradient in Thin films) indicate that the majority of studied metals in the Sava River water are less than 50% of the total dissolved metal concentrations, which is related to the significant contribution of inert organic complexes and metals bound to colloids. EROD activity in E. chub liver follows the pollution level. The highest EROD activity observed at Jasenovac represents ~50% of maximal possible response observed in E. chub treated in the laboratory with the model EROD inducer (β -naphthoflavone). Chemical analysis of organic pollutants was performed on 14 muscle and 13 liver composite samples, that represent an average concentration for all fish specimens caught at a give location. Total PCBs, sum of 7 PCBs and total DDTs were determined and expressed on wet tissue mass and respectively on extractable organic matter (EOM). EOM in E. chub muscle amounts 0.4 to 3.2% while in liver 2.4 to 19.7%. According to Croatian Official Journal 16(2005) the maximal allowed partition of a sum of 7 PCBs in edible part of fish like muscle, amounts to 2 mg/kg. In 3 campaigns the range of a sum of 7PCBs is 3 to 20 mg/kg in E. chub muscle. It indicates to low level of PCBs in edible part of E. chub from Sava River. In addition, unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in muscle and liver of E. chub were determined in the same composite samples like the PCBs. Predominant were phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene out of 16 analyzed PAHs compounds. Analysis of hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) in individual E. chub bile is in good agreement with the distribution of unsubstituted PAHs. This primarily applies to the fact that phenanthrene and pyrene are predominant parent PAHs in both muscle and liver tissue. Hydroxylated PAH bile metabolites indicate to the recent exposure of individual fish specimens to PAHs. Most prominent individual metabolites were: 1-OH phenanthrene, 1-OH pyrene and 3-OH benzo(a)pyrene. Despite significant differences between specimens from the same location, distinction between polluted and less polluted locations is very clear.Low concentrations in fish bile of specimens from Otok Samoborski to Oborovo are uniform, while significant increase is observed at the locations Lukavec Posavski and Jasenovac, expecially related to the field campaign in September 2005.

Sava River Basin: Sustainable Use; Management and Protection of Resources

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