engleski

Trigeminal trophic Syndrome: Have you ever seen it?

Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is an extremely rare cause of facial ulceration. It is the consequence of damage to the trigeminal nerve or its central sensory connections. TTS was first described by Wallenberg in 1901 as an uncommon clinical entity in which a cutaneous trophic ulceration develops within trigeminal dermatomes. This first appeared in the English-language literature 32 years later in an independent publications by Loveman and McKenzie. Skin changes in the area of any of the three sensoric branches of the trigeminal nerve may be present. To the best of our knowledge, lesions in the area of all three branches have not been described as yet.An understanding of the predisposition factors and clinical presentation of TTS is important to ensure a timely diagnosis of this extremely rare and difficult-to-treat condition. Differentiation of TTS from malignancy (basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma, T/NK cell lymphoma), infection or autoimmune disorders (Wegener's granulomatosis) is possible on the basis of clinical history, tissue biopsy and serologic evaluation. Treatment of TTS is aimed at suppressing paresthesia, preventing manipulation and covering the defect with innervated skin flaps.

trigeminal trophic syndrome; face; trigeminal nerve; neurosurgery; complications

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