engleski

In vitro Study of the Effects of Propolis on Cytokine and Chemokine Production

Propolis (bee glue) is the generic name for the resinous substance collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera, L.) from various plant sources. Beneficial effects of propolis on human health have been recognized thousands years ago and nowadays many in vitro studies confirm its numerous biological activities. In our in vitro study, we investigated immunomodulatory effects of 10 propolis extracts from different Croatian regions (Vis, Pelješac, Omiš, Gorski Kotar, Veliki Zdenci, Metković, Kutina, Sinj, Beli Manastir, Hum na Sutli) using appropriate cell culture models, and measuring the production of cytokines (TNFα , IL-1β , IL-2) and chemokine (IL-8) that play crucial roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophage-like cells, and induction of cytokine and chemokine production was measured using sandwich ELISA 24 hrs after the addition of propolis extracts (concentrations of 3, 10, 30 μ g/mL). Inhibition was measured in the same manner using LPS-stimulated cells (lipopolysacharide from E. coli was also used as a positive control). Jurkat cells were stimulated to produce IL-2, and inhibition of cytokine production was determined 24 hrs after the addition of propolis extracts. Cell proliferation was determined by measuring the incorporation of [6-H3] thymidine, while cell viability was determined using bioluminiscent cytotoxicity assay (measuring the release of adenylate kinase from damaged cells). None of the used propolis extracts exhibited cytotoxic effects, but significantly (>50%) suppressed the proliferation of both tested cell lines. Regarding the TNFα production, the propolis extracts from Vis, Pelješac, Omiš and Metković provoked the induction higher than 30%, while none of the used extracts induced the IL-1β production. Intrestingly, all propolis extracts induced IL-8 production. None of the tested extracts exerted the inhibitory effects on TNFα , IL-1β and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated cells. As all propolis extracts suppressed the proliferation of Jurkat cells, consequently, also suppressed the IL-2 production.

propolis; immunomodulatory effect

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