engleski

Nutritional and life-style factors associated with bone status in older Croatian women

Information about nutrition and bone status in Croatian women is scarce. Our purpose was to investigate association of various nutrients and other life style modifiers with BMD in120 Croatian postmenopausal women. Hip and spine BMD was assessed by Lunar-Prodigy (GE Medical Systems). Nutrient analysis from 3-day dietary records was calculated by utilizing the USDA Food Composition Tables, while complex dishes typical for the area were analyzed by asking for recipes and calculating the nutrient content utilizing the tables generated by the Croatian National Institute of Public Health. Subjects were also asked to record use of vitamin/mineral supplements, consumption of coffee, tea and mineral water, amount of salt added to foods and present/past smoking. A questionnaire about physical activity assessed recreational activities, walking and heavy housework as hours/week. Spot urine samples were analyzed for calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and zinc by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and in calculation normalized by creatinine, measured by classic Jaffe method. Most women had normal BMD in all measured sites. 14.2% had osteoporosis in spine and 6.7% in hip. Multiple regression analyses (controlled for years-since-menopause, weight and/or height) revealed positive relationship between urinary sodium and magnesium with hip BMD and alcohol (from wine and hard liquors) with hip and spine BMD. Urinary calcium showed negative relationship with hip BMD. None of the dietary components or modes of physical activity showed significant relationship with BMD. Based on this preliminary analysis, we conclude that both urinary sodium and magnesium, as well as moderate alcohol consumption are positively associated with BMD of hip and spine, while urinary calcium is negatively associated with BMD, in this population of apparently healthy Croatian women. More research in this population is needed to obtain information about the bone health and clarify the stated relationships.

osteoporosis; epidemiology; diet; urine; metals

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