engleski

Influence of drought during the grain filling period to the yield and quality of winter wheat (T. aestivum L.)

The stable yield is important for producers and breeders, and the constant grain quality for milling and baking industry. Drought during the grain filling period is becoming more and more frequent in Mediterranean region. The aim of this work was to estimate drought tolerance of bread winter wheat genotypes through influence of water deficit on yield and quality. Twelve genotypes of winter wheat were grown in control and drought. The following traits were analysed: yield, thousand grain weight (TGW), test weight (TW), crude protein content (PC), Zeleny sedimentation volume (ZSV), wet gluten content (WGC), gluten index (GI) and Hagberg falling number (HFN). Genotypes showed decrease of yield from 11.1 to 49.8% compared to the yield in control, while the PC increased for some genotypes 1.8% in drought. Divana did not respond to drought ; it had the lowest yield in both, control and drought (5.31 and 5.23 t/ha, respectively) and had the same PC (15.8 and 16.0%, respectively). Rennan showed decrease of yield in drought (from 6.96 to 5.15 t/ha), but retained PC (13.0%). Banica, Kuna, Golubica and Žitarka showed decrease of yield, but increase of PC. Golubica and Kuna had the highest PC in drought (16.2 and 15.9%, respectively). When influence of drought to the traits (average for all genotypes) was analysed, it was determined decrease of yield (1.59 t/ha), TGW (5.17 g), and GI (4.59%), but increase of PC (0.45%), TW (1.02 kg/hl), SDS (1.3 ml), WGC (1.35%), and HFN (36.97"). Genotypes that have stable yield, high protein content and satisfying other quality parameters in water stress environment are suitable for safe production.

Triticum aestivum L.; grain yield components; indirect quality traits; drought

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