engleski

Demographic Changes In Post-Socialist European Countries In The 1990s

Nineteen countries have been included with a total of 339.4 million inhabitants. Between 1990 and 1999 the overall population of analysed countries decreased by 5.6 million people or 1.6%. The general (overall) depopulation affected almost all countries. The birth rate fell in the total population from 13.6‰ to 9.0‰ , and all countries experienced a decline. In the late 1990s the “ birth norm” was lowered to an average of one child per family (with the exception of Albania). All countries in which the process of demographic transition was not completed until the late 1980s rapidly entered the post-transitional stage after the year 1990, with the exception again of Albania and Macedonia (which is on the threshold of this stage). In post-socialist countries (in general) natural depopulation has occurred, with a clear tendency towards a growth of negative values. In the overall population the share of older people “ 65 and over” amounts to 12.9% ; there is a strong trend of demographic senescence. The most favourable demographic situation is in Albania, followed by Slovakia, Serbia and Montenegro, Poland, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Moldova, Romania, Belarus, Estonia, Bulgaria, Ukraine and finally Latvia with the worst demographic indicators. In the 1990s in almost all European post-socialist countries a demographic collapse occurred! Such demographic circumstances have already become a limiting factor for the economic and social development of the countries analysed.

Post-socialist; depopulation; natural depopulation; demographic senescence; demographic indicatorse

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