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The Needle Volatile Composition of Trispecies Hybrids (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold × P. sylvestris L.) × P. densiflora Siebold et Zucc. and (P. nigra J. F. Arnold × P. sylvestris L.) × P. thunbergiana Franco

The needle volatile composition of two trispecies hard pine hybrids produced by the controlled hybridization and their parents was researched with gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in order to explore the utility of terpenes in hybrid identification (their differentiation from the parents) as well as confirmation of hybridity. The analysed trispecies hybrids were: 1. (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold × P. sylvestris L.) × P. densiflora Siebold et Zucc. (= nisyde) and 2. (P. nigra × P. sylvestris) × P. thunbergiana Franco (= nisyth). The female parent was F1 hybrid P. nigra × P. sylvestris (= nisy). The male parents were P. densiflora (= de) and P. thunbergiana (= th). A total of 58 compounds was identified. All identified compounds were terpenes, except one. Two analysed trispecies hybrids showed the same qualitative pattern of the needle volatile composition as their parents. However, there were quantitative differences in several major terpenes between them. According to the needle volatile composition the hybrids nisyde were more similar to the female parent (F1 hybrid nisy), whereas the hybrids nisyth were more similar to the male parent (P. thunbergiana). The hybrids nisyth had a considerably higher content of β -pinene (specific component of P. thunbergiana) than the other analyzed groups (nisyde, nisy and de). The content of thunbergol (specific component of P. densiflora) in the hybrids nisyde wasn't considerably different in relation to the other groups (nisyth, nisy, th). The intermediary quality of the hybrids nisyde and nisyth for most components in relation to their parents, as well as the previous morphometric analysis, confirms their hybrid character.

trispecies hybrids; (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold × P. sylvestris L.) × P. densiflora Siebold et Zucc.; (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold × P. sylvestris L.) × P. thunbergiana Franco; differentiation; needle volatiles; GC; GC/MS; terpenes

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