engleski

Resistance of winter wheat cultivars to pre-harvest sprouting

In Croatia, in the last six years, the most important cultivars of winter wheat are Žitarka, Marija, Sana, Ana, Demetra and Srpanjka. Cultivars Ana and Demetra belong to wheat improvers and Žitarka is good bread wheat cultivar. Cultivars Marija and Srpanjka has lower bread-making quality while cultivar Sana is suitable to biscuit. Cultivar Žitarka has resistance to lodging and many wheat diseases while Marija and Sana has higher yielding capacity than Žitarka, but minor resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) and fusarium (Fusarium sp). By reason of long rain period in 1997 wheat harvest, what is unusually in Croatia, these cultivars had different shattering and sprout damage grain in spike. At cultivars Žitarka and Srpanjka had no shattering and sprout damage grain in spike even after twenty days from beginning harvest. Cultivar Marija had shattering but not sprout damage, while at other cultivars were established shattering and sprout damage grain in spike. Resistance on sprout damage grain in spike of this cultivars showed Falling number after rainfall that ranged for Žitarka 272, Srpanjka 350, Ana 71 and Demetra 92. Sprout damage grain in spike decreased breadmaking quality of cultivar Ana and Demetra. Considering that these the most grown wheat cultivars in Croatia were basis of breeding program at Agricultural Institute Osijek, these results have been useful for wheat selection. New OS winter wheat cultivars Super Žitarka and Barbara (Žitarka is one of the parents) have higher yielding capacity than Žitarka. They retained good properties of Žitarka such as resistance to lodging, low winter temperatures, wheat diseases, shattering, rainless, sprout damage grain in spike and good breadmaking quality. The Falling number of cultivar Super Žitarka and Barbara were not change two weeks after rainfall.

wheat; sprout damage grain in spike; bread making quality

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