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Innate Immunity to Cytomegalovirus

Cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages, DCs and NK cells play an important role in the control of CMV infection during the time that precedes the induction of a specific immune response. NK cells are considered the most important effector cells in early CMV surveillance. An evolutionary struggle between NK cells and CMV can be inferred from the existence of a broad range of viral mechanisms designed to compromise NK cell function. Infection of mice with MCMV is the most developed model for studying the role of NK cells during CMV infection. Despite a tremendous increase in knowledge about cellular receptors and their ligands involved in regulation of NK cell activity during CMV infection we are only beginning to understand the complexity of these interactions and their significance during primary as well as latent CMV infection. Recent studies emphasize the importance of the NKG2D receptor and its ligands in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. The data highlight the importance of cross-talk between DCs and NK cells in instructing the innate and specific immune response against CMV.

cytomegalovirus, innate immunity, NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, evasion

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