engleski

Sunflower breeding at the Agricultural Institute Osijek

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is grown on around 20 milion ha in the world and is one of the most important crops for oil production. Average grain yield are around 1.1 t/ha and very variable (0.5 to 3.6 t/ha). In Republic of Croatia sunflower is grown mostly on their eastern part where are suitable conditions for his growing and development. Average area are around 25000 ha with average grain yield of 2.4 t/ha, what satisfy only half of sunflower needs, so there are space for production improvening and deveoping on domestic market. Sunflower breeding programs in Republic of Croatia have over 30 year-tradition, and they be realized only in frameof the Agricultural Institute Osijek. At the present, program is realized in frame of scientific-research project &laquo ; ; ; Breeding of hybrid sunflower on high grain yield and grain quality&raquo ; ; ; , that is partially sponsored by Ministry of Science, Education and Sport of Croatia. Main goal of our work is creation of new superior hybrid with high grain yield (above 5 t/ha), oil content (above 50%) and high and stabile oil yield. For creation of this golas is necessary to create hybrids with low to mid-high stem, increase resistance to lodgging and drought and to increase harvest index. Special attention is given to creation of lines with emphasized tolerance to dominant pathogens: Plasmopara halstedii, A. helianthi, M. phaseolina, P. macdonaldii, S. sclerotiorum and Phomopsis sp.. Beside that, it is necessary to create hybrids with shorter vegetation (120 – 125 days) with higher leaf area index (LAI) and longer leaf area duration (LAD). Until now, results of work are 12 recognized hybrids (Osječanin, Fakir, Olio, Orion, Podravac, Slavonac, Sunce, Gordan, Miro, Šokac, Favorit and Apolon) which are considerably contribute to sunflower production increasing in Croatia. Also, two sunflower hybrids of Agricultural Institute Osijek (Fakir and Olio) were recognized in Slovakia. Future work in breeding is directed on intensifying phytopathological investigation in laboratory and using of biotechnological method which will contribute to higher efficiency of breeding program.

sunflower; breeding; hybrids; grain yield; oil content; diseases

nije evidentirano