engleski

Solid-phase extraction and HPLC determination of veterinary pharmaceuticals in waste water

Until recently exposure of pharmaceuticals to environment has not been considered a big concern because they were thought to be safe. Nowadays, however, they are referred to as the emerging contaminants. For majority of the emerging contaminants data about their occurrence, related risk assessment and ecotoxicological data are not available. The fact that these compounds are not in the regulatory list of environmental pollutants resulted in comparatively little attention paid to them. Although they are expected to occur in trace concentrations, because of their continuous use and bacterial resistance attributed to their action, pharmaceuticals represent particular problem. Moreover, physico-chemical properties (mostly poor degradability) of some of these compounds enable their penetration through all natural filters and constructed treatment facilities thus putting drinking water supply systems under the risk. Their incomplete removal from the sewage treatment plants (STPs) is referred to as the major source of their release into environment. Therefore, multiresidue analytical method is a prerequisite to provide reliable figures on the behaviour of pharmaceuticals in STPs. The information obtained from analysis of influents and effluents of STPs may serve to optimize a treatment process or possible pre-treatment step so that the emission of undesired pollutants into the receiving waters is prevented. At the moment different methods, mainly based on HPLC, GC, CE are being developed, however methodology and standards continue to evolve in the lights of new data on their occurrence and health risk. Although methods do exist for analyzing each of those compounds individually, the key is to develop methods in which different compounds from different classes can be determined in single analysis. This work focuses on the application of SPE-HPLC analysis of important veterinary pharmaceuticals from different classes in waste water from the pharmaceutical industry. After extraction and concentration of analytes by solid phase extraction (SPE) from waste water samples, separation and identification was done by HPLC-DAD analysis.

pharmaceuticals; emerging contaminants; solid-phase extraction (SPE); high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

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