engleski

Stability parameters of barley cultivars under moderate continental climate in Croatia

Barley is third-ranged cereal in Croatia according to harvested area. In the last decade period (1980-1989) it was grown on 55,496 ha/year (3.7 % of arable land area). Adaptibility degree of barley cultivars to different environment including stress conditions is considerable factor of their yield stability among years. By long-term breeding programme in Osijek Agricultural Institute have been developed high-yielding barley cultivars adaptable to temporary crop managment practice and especially tolerant to stalk lodging (Lali} et al. 1988, Martin~i} et al. 1991, Kova~evi} et al. 1993). Winter barley cultivars were grown under field conditions on Osijek euric cambisol in 12-year period of 1986-1997 (the experimental field of Osijek Agricultural Institute; fuor replications, randomized block design, experomental plot 7m2). Depending on the year, total number of cultivars ranged from 24 to 36. Regression analysis of grain yields were made for six two-rowed cultivars (Sladoran, Rex, David, Mihael, Rodnik and Pan ) and for introduced six-rowed cultivars Plaisant (France), which were included each year in the experiments. Their grain yields were compared to average yield of the individual experiment. Stability perameters of grain yield were estimated by similar method used by Findley and Wilkinson (1963), Milas (1983) and Kova~evi} et al. (1993). Average grain yield of each experimant was used as a criterion of growing season favorability for barley growing. Average grain yields of widely ranged from 6.238 t/ha to 10.195 t/ha-1 (averages of the experiments) and from 5.645 to 11.107 t/ha-1 (averages of seven cultivars used for testing of stability parameters). In general, low yields of winter small grain cereals are in connection with delaying of sowing, excess of autumn/winter rainfall, long duration of winter period and heat stress in grain forming /filling period (Kova~evi} 1998). Long 50-year tradition of barley breeding in Osijek Agricultural Institute resulted by recognizing of 45 cultivars. Winter two-rowed Sladoran and Rex have been recently the most spread barley cultivars in Croatia (Lali} and Kova~evi} 1997), Rex and Rodnik have spread in Hungary (Schildbach and Burbidge 1996), while Mihael (Trasimeno) recognized in Italy. Barley cultivars sequence with regard to grain yield was in close connection with the average grain yields of the experiments .In unfavorable growing seasons (average yields under 6 t/ha-1 ) the highest yield was obtained by Rodnik, while Mihael was the last-ranged cultivar. However, in the favorable growing seasions (average yields above 10 t/ha-1 ) seguence of cultivars was as follows: Mihael, Rex, Sladoran, David, Plaisant, Rodnik and Pan.(Graf 1).

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