engleski

Peptidoglycan monomer stimulates the adaptive branch of immune response through activation of cells of innate immunity - the hypothesis

Peptidoglycan monomer (PGM) is natural compound originating from Brevibacterium divaricatum peptidoglycan. PGM is water-soluble, non-pyrogenic and non-toxic substance with well defined chemical structure: GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-isoGln-mesoDpm(ε NH2)-D-Ala-D-Ala. Upon immunisation of mice with PGM in addition to an antigen, the production of IgGs specific for an antigen is stimulated as well as secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines from the mouse antigen-specific lymph nodes cells, indicating that cells of adaptive branch of immune response are activated and stimulated. Thus it exerts adjuvant or immunostimulating properties. However, it seems that it doesn't interact directly with the cells of adaptive immunity (T and B cells) yet it exerts its effect through activation of cells of innate immunity (macrophages and possibly dendritic cells), activating them and stimulating their proinflammatory cytokine secretion, for what we have literature data and own experimental support. Resulting local inflammation might improve the recruitment of important cells participating in adaptive immune response generation in the draining lymph nodes and indirectly might promote the interactions between them, resulting in improved specific IgG response. In this work we would like to present our current hypothesis on the possible mechanism of PGM action and supporting it by our and others experimental data. Also we would like to highlight the points that remain to be discovered.

peptidoglycan monomer; mice; IgG response; adjuvant; innate immunity

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