engleski

Gardens in the Humanistic Milieu od Dubrovnik

The region of Dubrovnik (in Latin it is Ragusium) on the south of Croatia abounds in various interesting examples of garden architecture. The most valuable ones are descending from the times of the Dubrovnik Republic (1358-1808), a free and independent state streched on 150 kilometres of a long caostal area between two present powers: Venice and Turks. As early as in the 12th century, Dubrovnik was a well-known maritime and commercial centre on the eastern Adriatic. The inflow of wealth highly influenced the progress of architecture and fine crafts and cultivation of land and plants, too. In the 14th century views the construction of first villas built in the suburban area. Humanism that reached Dubrovnik already in the 14th c. resulted later with acceptance of renascent attitudes on lifestyle.From the end of the 15th, troughout the 16th c. in particular i.e. in the period of a great economic and cultural development of Dubrovnik (Golden Age), and on a smaller scale later, more than 200 summer villas surrounded by carefully built and cherished gardens, were constructed in Dubrovnik's oldest suburban and rural zones - Astarea and the Elaphites - in the variety of picturesque sites. In the gardens two elements of their construction are dominant: stone and greenery. Water as a composition element is usually missing which corresponds on the dry karstic feature of Dubrovnik area. Pergola is very special element in the iconography of these gardens. Immediate contact with the sea physically or by sight is a caracteristic that makes them specific coastal gardens. For various reasons most of these gardens were either neglected or decayed in the period of the last two centuries. The results of my research indicate that the Renaissance gardens of Dubrovnik, designed and built by local masters, stonemasons and gardeners, shawed as an extra group characterised by common similarities based on local natural and social environment. Compared with an original form of an Italian Renaissance garden art which I have marked as Dubrovnik Renaissance garden. It is an authentic Croatian contribution to the European heritage of the garden art.

Dubrovnik region; Humanism; Renascent lifestyle; Authentic construction of Dubrovnik Renaissance gardens

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