hrvatski

Oksidativni stres i stanična smrt

The intrinsic balance between life and death can be influenced by several environmental stresses. Reactive products of oxygen are amongst the most potent and omnipresent threats faced by the living organism. Intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, and peroxy radical, can arise from toxic insults or normal metabolic processes. These species may perturb the cell’ s natural antioxidant defence systems, resulting in damage to all of the major classes of biological macromolecules, including nuclear acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Oxidative stress has been defined as a disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance, resulting in potential cell damage. It has been implicated in several biological and pathological processes like ageing, inflammation, carcinogenesis, ischemia-reperfusia, and in diseases including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and/or neurodegenerative diseases. Apoptosis has also been linked to these diseases, suggesting that both processes might be involved in these pathologies. Apoptosis is a form of cell death that occurs during several physiological and pathological situations in multicellular organisms and constitutes a common mechanism of cell replacement, tissue remodelling, and removal of damaged cells. Apoptosis is a complex process characterised by cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Several protein families are implicated in apoptosis: some in the induction of the process and some in the attenuation of the process. Peroxovanadium compounds are potent insulinomimetic agents and protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. Stability and potency of this compounds renders them attractive agents in diabetes mellitus, but their possible citotoxicity could jeopardise their therapeutic use. The effects of peroxovanadium compound bpV (phen) on rat insulinoma RINm5F cell survival will be discussed.

oksidacijski stres; apoptoza

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