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Changes in lipid metabolism caused by a high-sucrose diet

Affect of a high-sucrose diet on metabolism is a subject of many scientific reports. The influence of de novo lipogenesis on the development of obesity is discussed, because evidences indicate that hypertriacylglycerolemia and cardiovascular diseases are associated with high-carbohydrate diet. The aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of a high-sucrose diet on fat metabolism. Three groups of Wistar rats, 7 animals each, were fed control diet (CD), high sucrose diet (SD) and high sucrose diet with the administration of antilipemic Gemfibrozil, for 5 weeks. Diets were isoenergetic with similar fat content. Sucrose was used as a single carbohydrate source in a high-carbohydrate diet. After sacrificing, concentration of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids in blood serum was measured. Total lipids were extracted from liver and fatty acid composition was determined by gas-liquid chromatography for groups on control and high-sucrose diet. No significant differences in the concentration of free fatty acids were noticed, but the concentration of triacylglycerols significantly increased in rats fed high-sucrose diet compared to control group (1.19 mmol/L and 0.87 mmol/L, respectively). Gemfibrozil lowered triacylglycerol concentration (1.14 mmol/L), but the value remained above the concentration obtained for control group. Liver fatty acid composition analysis revealed that main fatty acids in both, CD and SD group, were palmitic, linoleic and arachidonic acid. Feeding high sucrose diet caused statistically significant increase in the ratio of arachidonic acid and a decrease in the ratio of palmitic, palmitoleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. The results indicate the correlation between a high-sucrose diet and the development of hypertriacylglycerolemia, the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases.

high-sucrose diet; triacylglycerols; free fatty acids; gas chromatography; Gemfibrozil

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