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Sister chromatid exchanges and mitotic activity in lymphocytes of medical personnel occupationally exposed to ultrasound

Ultrasound consists of high-frequency acoustic waves of pressure and particle displacement which propagate through a medium. Reports about cytogenetic effects of ultrasound on human and animal cells in vitro and in vivo are contradictory. At diagnostic intensities ultrasound can cause detectable effects on DNA and growth patterns of animal cells. For the measure of occupationally risk of exposure to ultrasound sister chromatid exchange analysis and analysis of mitotic activity were employed. Samples of peripheral blood were taken from medical personnel working with ultrasound equipment with transducers frequencies 2.5 - 7.5 MHz (absolute max. ultrasonic power 0.8-4.9 mW/cm2, absolute max. spatial peak-pulse average intensity 60-110 W/cm2, absolute max. spatial peak-temporal average intensity 1.9-20 mW/cm2) and control subjects. Lymphocytes were cultivated in vitro for 72 h in the presence of 10 g/ml 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Sister chromatid exchanges and lymphocyte mitotic activity were determined on the same slides. In some exposed subjects we observed an increase in frequency of SCE as well as irregularities in the distribution of cells over the first, second and third mitotic division compared to control. Our results suggest that occupationally exposure to ultrasound led to damages in human genome. However, these results remain tentative pending repetition of studies in vitro and in vivo conditions.

sister chromatid exchanges; ultrasound; occupational exposure; human lymphocytes; mitotic activity

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