engleski

Immunodetection of reactive aldehydes

Four-hydroxynonenal (HNE) was ten years ago mostly considered as a toxic product of lipid peroxidation and a second toxic messenger of free radicals. In the last five years HNE was mostly considered as a reliable marker of oxidative stress, a possibly causative agent of several diseases (such as Alzheimer’ s disease), growth modulating factor and a signaling molecule. As it is also present physiologically in various cells and tissues, it is likely that HNE will soon become one of the most attractive factors for those who search for small and reactive molecular links between genomics and proteomics. Immunodetection of HNE and the other aldehydes, such as MDA and acrolein, i.e. conjugates of the aldehydes with macromolecules is necessary toll for such studies on physiology and pathophysiology of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, already ten years ago successful attempts were done to develop genuine monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that will allow detection of the HNE-protein adducts in various cells and tissues. Although some antibodies became commercially available, the attempts of scientists world wide to produce their own antibodies were continued. Major reasons for this are numerous pitfalls of the application of the antibodies that do not allow their simple and routine use is immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, several studies support the use of immunodetection in human pathology and in experimental research in various experimental models both in vitro and in vivo. However, immunodetection is mostly used as a supportive method to prove presence of the aldehydes in tissues or tissue extracts (body fluids) rather than to evaluate the relevance of the aldehyde-macromolecule presence or absence under various circumstances. Thus, although further development of novel antibodies is certainly needed, more attention should be put on evaluation of findings obtained by immunodetection in various studies. This would be of great help to understand physiology and pathophysiology of oxidative stress and reactive aldehydes, which will in return help to overcome problems in diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation

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