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Evaluation of Metabolic Syndrome in Diabetes Mellitus Type II - Our Experiences

To determine metabolic syndrome (MS) in diabetes mellitus type II patients (DM type II). The research was conducted on 136 patients (59 males, 77 females) with DM type II. According to the National Cholesterol Education Program - ATP III, metabolic syndrome is defined by the presence of three or more components: hyperinsulinaemia, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Sufficient criteria for metabolic syndrome existed in 113 patients (83.09%), 45 males and 68 females. The remaining 28 patients (14 men and 9 women) displayed only one or two positive components and therefore did not qualify for diagnosis. Three positive components were found in 37 patients, with as many as 76 patients displaying four or more. Analyzing the components of MS individually, it was revealed that high fasting glucose (>6.1 mmol/L) was present in 125 patients (91.91%) ; hypertension (>130/>85 mmHg) was confirmed in 106 patients (85.29%) ; low HDL cholesterol (men<1.04 mmol/L, women<1.29 mmol/L) was found in 106 subjects (77.94%) ; waist circumference (men>102 cm, women>88 cm) existed in 91 patients (66.91%) and hypertriglyceridaemia (>1.69 mmol/L) was positive in only 66 patients (48.53%). Elevated values of glycoside haemoglobin (HbA1c) over 6.5% were found in 75.74% of diabetes patients, with 51.47% of them displaying severely elevated levels (>9.5%). According to the results, a significant correlation can be established between metabolic syndrome and elevated levels of HbA1c over 9.5%, both totally (p<0.001) and when divided by sex (p<0.001). In diabetic patients it is important to evaluate the frequency and gravity of metabolic syndrome because the "deadly quartet" of findings markedly increases the risk of related complications, cardiovascular diseases and, ultimately, death.

metabolic syndrome; diabetes mellitus type II

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