engleski

The occurrence and intensity of soybean diseases in Eastern Croatia

Lately the soybean diseases have increased in number and severity in the Eastern Croatia. Especially downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica), pod and stem blight (Diaporthe paseolorum var. sojae_Dps), stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora_Dpc) and Sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary) are presence and very destructive on the soybean field under wet conditions. Studies on biology of the pathogen, epidemiology of the diseases, yield losses caused by attack of diseases and devolopment of feasible control measures are almost on the begining. The main objective of this work was to determine the occurrence and intensity of attack by the most important fungi causing diseases in soybean in this area. Three-year study was undertaken in the experimental fields of the Osijek Agricultural Institute (Eastern Croatia) through exact field trials and few locations in large-scale production during 1995-1997. The investigations has involved few promising genotypes and 10 domestic cultivars with different level of resistant/tolerant to main diseases. The evaluation of soybean during the growing season and laboratory analyses was revealed occurrence of mycoflora and intensity of attack. Principal diseases were: Peronospora manshurica, Cercospora kikuchii, Diaporthe/Phomopsis spp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in humid year. Intensity of attack by these pathogens was varied across years. Soybean genotypes differed in the intensity of the infestations both in the vegetation and at the maturity stage. On soybean seeds, predominant parasites were: Peronospora manshurica, Cercospora kikuchii and Fusarium sp. Diaporthe/Phomopsis spp. was recorded due to wet conditions during maturity.

soybean; principal diseases; cultivar; occurrence; intensity; mycoflora; resistance

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