engleski

Soil erosion in different tillage systems on stagnosol Croatia

Water erosion is a multiply dangerous process that damages or destroys the two most important natural resources in agriculture - soil and water. Erosional drift quantity was recorded during the three-year investigation period (1993-1997) on stagnosol, albic, in the Daruvar area (central Croatia), under common agricultural crops grown in 6 tillage variants. In the standard variant according to USLE, the largest quantities of erosional drift were recorded in the 3-year period: in maize production 146.32 t/ha, in soybean 110.14 t/ha, and in winter wheat 87.1 t/ha. In the variant involving conventional up-down the slope ploughing, the highest erosion was again determined in maize - 38.53 t/ha, followed by soybean - 38.19 t/ha and winter wheat - only 0.54 t/ha. In the no-tillage variant, erosional drift amounted to 22.86 t/ha in maize, 13.54 in soybean, and 0.222 t/ha in winter wheat. In the conventional ploughing across of slope, erosional drift amounted to 11.65 t/ha in maize, 5.35 t/ha in soybean, and only 0.074 t/ha in winter wheat. Very deep ploughing across of slope at sowing led to an erosional drift of 21.12 t/ha in maize, 5.26 t/ha in soybean, 0.305 t/ha in winter wheat. The most efficient variant was that of subsoiling and ploughing across of slope: erosional drift of 2.99 t/ha was recorded in maize production, 2.90 t/ha in soybean, and 0.132 t/ha at winter wheat sowing. The period of seedbed preparation, or the period immediately after sowing, is the most critical period with the highest risk of erosion. In the growing of spring crops (maize, soybean), this is the period when over 90% of the overall annual erosional drift occurs in all tillage variants. In the growing of winter wheat, a crop of high population density, no critical periods were observed and erosion was uniformly distributed throughout the whole growing season.

water erosion; tillage system; stagnosol albic; USLE; erosional drift; rain erosivity; soil erodibility; soil loss tolerance - T

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