engleski

Measures for Optimisation of Environmental Impact of CHP, Deliverable 3.1.

Although having clear environmental advantages the CHP sector in Croatia faces uncertain future. It is questionable will the electricity produced from CHP plants be competitive, even by increasing the energy and carbon efficiency. Hence, detailed assessment of environmental impact of CHP sector has been performed taking into account all measures that could influence carbon reduction potential of CHP sector and increase its future competitiveness. The analysis of the environmental impact of CHP plant operation has been performed primarily with respect to reduction potential of GHG emission. The relation between increased energy efficiency and emissions efficiency has been analysed. In order to include environmental constraints into the plant management the mathematical model for simulation and cost optimisation of the CHP plant operation has been upgraded to internalise the market cost of CO2 and SOX by addition of a penalty function. It has been shown that emissions taxes increase plant operational costs and affect significantly load dispatching among units. The environmental impact of the district heating system operation has been assessed with respect to various measures affecting emission reduction such as: network renovation, grid connection, and fuel replacement. Environmental indicators required for sustainability assessment have been defined and calculated with respect to carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and particles emissions that are chosen as measurable elements. The indicators are defined as the total amount of respective gas emissions in period between year 2000 and 2020 divided by total electricity production in the same period. Methodology for calculation of environmental indicators has been defined in a way that the once calculated indicators would be comparable. The concluding chapter repercussions of Croatian Kyoto Protocol obligations on CHP sector development have been discussed. Although not qualifying for joint implementation projects investment in new capacity in CHP sector will be beneficial to the Croatian GHG mitigation efforts. Instead of displacing current emissions, investment in CHP sector will reduce the emissions growth

CHP systems; environmental impact; optimisation

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