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Modeling and in vitro Measurement of the Electric Field of Selective Esophageal Pacing Lead

The advantage of selective esophageal pacing lead over standard esophageal pacing leads is that it produces the electric field that is not axially symmetric, but directed towards the targeted tissue. In order to evaluate that property of the selective esophageal pacing lead, we made a 3D finite element model of the lead in tissue and calculated the electric field for different configurations of the lead i.e. for different interelectrode distances and different electrode angles. We also performed in vitro measurements with the lead immersed in saline bath. Both the numerical calculations and the in vitro measurements showed that parameters that define the selectivity of the lead (the field rejection ratio and the directivity angle) have better values (higher field rejection ratio, smaller directivity angle) for smaller central angles. For electrodes with larger central angles, the directivity angle is generally larger meaning that the electric field is less directed. With increasing the interelectrode distance the field rejection ratio decreases and the intensity of electric field in the transversal midplane between electrodes steeply falls. The results of modeling and in vitro measurement of the electric field of our selective esophageal pacing lead indicate that efficient pacing can be obtained with considerably reduced side effects.

cardiac pacing; esophageal pacing lead; Laplace's equation; FEM

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