Naslov
Spatial and temporal trends in persistent organic pollutants soil contamination in the Czech republic

Autori
Holoubek, Ivan ; Hofman, Jakub ; Sáňka, Milan ; Vácha, Radim ; Zbíral, Jiří ; Klánová, Jana ; Jech, Libor ; Ocelka, Tomáš

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Poglavlja u knjigama, znanstveni

Knjiga
Organohalogen compounds, Dioxin 2003 ; Environmental Levels, Emerging POPs, Site Assessment

Urednik/ci
Hunt, Gary ; Clement, Ray

Izdavač
RPJ Associates, Massachusetts, USA

Grad
Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Godina
2003

Raspon stranica
460-463

ISBN
3-928379-16-X

Ključne riječi
POPs, Czech Republic

Sažetak
The determination of actual state of soil contamination including heavy metals and POPs is performed till 1992. This monitoring system is managed by Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (CISTA). System of basal soil monitoring was developed in the first part of 90´s and uses in this moment 217 permanent soil sampling sites of agricultural soils, 100 permanent areas of forest soils and 40 permanent areas in protected areas. From 1997, the contents of selected persistent organic pollutants are regularly determined. The samples are collected from 40 permanent sampling areas (5 in protected areas, 35 of agricultural soils). Soils samples were collected every year before harvest of agricultural products. Sampling area of 1000 m2 (25 x 40m) is used. One kilogram of soil is collected with using of special sampling scheme. Two sampling layers are collected - 0-10 cm and 10-25 cm. In protected areas, the sampling is done by diagnostic horizonts (the first mineral - surface - humic and the second mineral - undersurface). The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, 7 indicator congeners), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs – HCHs, DDTs, HCB), atrazines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs – 15 - 16 US EPA with exception of acenaphthylene). Medians of the sum of 6 PCBs congeners in agricultural soils move during last 5 years round 2 ng.g-1 in top layer and they are lower about 0, 5 ng. g-1 in the second layer. Arithmetic mean in the tope layer ranged between 4, 8 and 7, 0 ng. g-1, the values in the second layer ranged between 3, 1 and 3, 3 ng. g-1. The limit value was increased in the case of ten observed areas. There were the areas with potential point sources of contamination and relatively stable contents of PCBs. The soil contents of PCBs were relatively stable in the whole set of observed set of soil samples. It is impossible to expect rapid decreasing of PCB soil contents. The reason is relatively high contents of highly chlorinated PCBs. HCHs did not detected during whole period in all samples. As far as HCH, the slight increasing tendency was observed in 2001 in the comparison with the year 2000, but absolute values were very low. More important was the increasing of p, p’ -DDE contens (median from 5, 8 to 11, 8 ng.g-1). The contents of other DDT metabolites is stable. The determined levels during the period 1994 – 2001 varied and it is impossible to determine any time trends. The PCDDs/Fs were determined in 38 samples during 2001. The distribution of results and a big differences between arithmetic mean and median is affected by samples with extremely high contents of PCDDs/Fs (contaminated areas and both samples from protected area). As far as protected areas, these results are in the very good agreement with the results of R-T&A projects especially from high mountains sampling sites. The highest PCDDS/Fs contents were observed in industrial areas and in the soil from protected areas in higher altitudes. The cleaning effects and under-cloud wash-out effects of long-range transported POPs can be a source of this soil contamination in protected areas. It reflects our previous and present measurements of PCDDs/Fs soil contamination of boarder high-mountains where 3-8-times higher contents of PCDDs/Fs were detected in the comparison of samples from lowland. The contamination of industrial areas can be given by some local, industrial sources or by sewage sludge application. The contents of PCDDs/Fs in soil were different if we compare various area and no observable relationships between absolute levels of PCDDs and TEQ. The main part of PCDDs/Fs soil contamination was done by higher chlorinated congeners (4-8 Cl in molecule).

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Geologija

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