engleski

The importance of physical activity and psychological health in women

Introduction: Age-adjusted rate of insufficient physical activity (TA), defined as < 150 min. moderate or < 75 min. of intensive any TA per week, in richer western countries is 31% in men and 42% in women. In the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, this difference is smaller: 22% in men and 25% in women. Based on this difference, it may be partly possible to predict the future situation in Croatia. During the last twenty years before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global rate of insufficient TA remained unchanged, but was markedly increased in wealthier Western countries, but during the pandemic it appears that there was a marked increase worldwide. Compared to physically inactive people, people whose TA is at the recommended level have a 25% lower risk of depression, better sleep quality and lower cortisol levels, lower risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and overall better psychological health (PZ). There is no evidence of the effects of TA on the primary prevention of anxiety in the general population, but the effect of TA on anxiety and depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome has been proven. During pregnancy, 10% to 15% of women will experience an episode of depressive disorder, and 12% to 15% will experience postpartum depression. Discussion: It appears that higher levels of moderate to intense TA, particularly upper body flexibility exercises during the first trimester of pregnancy, can modestly improve PZ, TA during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in the risk and severity of stress, anxiety and depression during pregnancy, and at least 90 minutes of TA per week can effectively reduce the risk of postpartum depression. Such good performance is associated with sports, but not with TA during work or housework or caring for a newborn. Finally, TA is an effective intervention in reducing the severity of symptoms of prenatal and postpartum depression. Maternal obesity before pregnancy, partly caused by insufficient TA, is associated with ADHD in children. Conclusion: Although the results of the studies are not unequivocal, and to a certain lesser extent they are contradictory, it seems that obesity, especially visceral, in postmenopause is associated with a weakening of PZ, primarily with sleep disorders, anxiety and depression. Comparably, intervention studies to a lesser extent show the absence, and to a greater extent, the existence of good effects of obesity-targeted interventions such as TA, on PZ. Higher levels of TA in postmenopause are associated with less of its psychological ill effects such as depression, anxiety or exhaustion, but it seems, as with postpartum depression, that this association is positive in the case of sports TA and inverse in the case of TA related to housework and work. Higher TA in postmenopause is also associated with better general psychological well-being, lower perceived stress, higher self-esteem and better quality of life.

psychological health ; menthal desorder ; pelviperineology ; women ; physical activity

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