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Consumption of Functionally Enriched Eggs Incites Anti-Inflammatory Conditions and Enhances Microvascular Blood Flow in Healthy Young Participants

Introduction: Present study aimed to evaluate the effects of enriched eggs consumption on microvascular reactivity and inflammation in healthy volunteers. We hypothesized that a three- week diet containing enriched eggs can stimulate anti-inflammatory conditions and enhance microvascular blood flow. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled interventional study (part of ID: NCT04564690). Control group (n=14) consumed regular hen eggs (1.785 mg of vitamin E, 0.330 mg of lutein, 0.054 mg of selenium and 438 mg of n-3 PUFAs daily), while Nutri4 group (n=20) consumed enriched eggs (3.29 mg of vitamin E, 1.85 mg of lutein, 0.06 mg of selenium and 1026 mg of n-3 PUFAs daily), 3 eggs/day for 3 weeks. Forearm skin microvascular blood flow was assessed by laser Doppler Flowmetry. Serum concentrations of lipid mediators and cytokines and their genes’ expression profile were measured by spectrometry, ELISA, Luminex, and real-time qPCR respectively. Protein expression of COX1, COX2, iNOS, eNOS and nNOS was determined by Western blot. Statistical analysis: paired t-test with Tukey's post hoc test ; p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Serum concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukin 17A was decreased in Nutri4 group. LTB4 and PGE2, PGE2/PGE3 ratio was significantly increased in Control group after dietary protocol only. nNOS gene expression and COX2 protein expression were increased in Nutri4 group after diet. Microcirculatory blood flow in response to post-occlusive reactive hyperemia and acetylcholine-induced dilation were significantly enhanced, while vasoreactivity to sodium- nitroprusside remained unchanged. Serum concentrations of n-3 PUFAs, vitamin E and lutein were significantly higher in Nutri4 group compared to pre-diet values. Discussion: Increased intake of nutrients, such as n-3 PUFAs, vitamin E, lutein and selenium can have various beneficial effects, e.g. decreasing susceptibility for inflammation and enhancing microvascular reactivity. Conclusion: A protective effect of aforementioned nutrients can be attributed to the positive effect of vasoactive COX2-derived 2 and pro-inflammatory metabolites of n-3 PUFAs.

antioxidants, functionally enriched eggs, microvascular reactivity, anti-inflammatory response

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