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The nature of p-hole interactions between iodide anions and quinoid rings in the crystalline state

The investigated co-crystal of 3-chloro-N-methylpyridinium iodide with tetrabromoquinone (3-Cl-N-MePy...I...Br4Q) reveals a pi-hole interaction between an iodide anion and a quinoid ring involving an n--pi* charge transfer. The quinoid ring has a partial negative charge (estimated to be in the range 0.08–0.11e) and a partial radical character, which is related to the black colour of the crystals (crystals of neutral tetrabromoquinone are yellow). A detailed X-ray charge density study revealed two symmetry-independent bond critical points between the iodide anions and carbon atoms of the ring. Their maximum electron density of 0.065 e A-3 was reproduced by quantum chemical modelling. The energy of the interaction is estimated to be -11.16 kcal mol-1, which is comparable to the strength of moderate hydrogen bonding (about -10 kcal mol-1) ; it is dominantly electrostatic in nature, with a considerable dispersion component.

p-hole interactions ; charge transfer ; quinone ; charge density ; Atoms In Molecule analysis

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