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Editorial: Trends and Prospects of Opening Data in Problem Driven Societies

This special issue entitled "Trends and Prospects of Opening Data in Problem Driven Societies" identifies several of societal challenges and explains the role of open data in making our world a little better. The trends we draw from the submission to this special issue are: Trend 1: Extending the open data supply ; Trend 2: Applying open data to real world challenges ; Trend 3: Improving the open data ecosystem. The first trend (Extending the open data supply) is exemplified by the following articles: 1. Improving the availability of space research spatial data where the authors Nevistić and Bačić provide an overview of planetary spatial data archives, data storage and retrieval methods, and their shortcomings in the context of easy search, download and interpretation of data, with the aim of establishing Spatial Data Infrastructure of Celestial Bodies that would make space data better accessible to the public and non-planetary scientists. 2. Open National CORS data ecosystems: A cross-jurisdictional comparison by Supinajaroen et al. explores the divergence in the openness of the National Continuously Operating Reference Stations (NCORS) in the Netherlands, Germany and Sweden. NCORS networks collect and process data from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to provide precise positioning data to support spatially related activities. 3. In Identifying and overcoming the barriers towards open data of public undertakings, Boone and Van Loenen consider the third wave of open data where open government data is complemented by open data of the public undertakings. They assess expected legal, organisational and technical barriers for the case studies of the Port of Rotterdam and Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam. 4. Firefly occurrences in Croatia – One step closer from citizen science to open data by Virić et al. deals with data deficient nature protection issues and species, which can be addressed by applying the citizen science approach as well as with the value of data collected by non-experts. The second trend discovered in the submissions for this special issue, applying open data to real world challenges is evident in the following articles: 1. Urban dog spaces: the openness of dog-related data in the City of Zagreb, Croatia by Varga et al. is an assessment of data provided via official websites and portals of the city required for construction and maintenance of urban infrastructure. Five-star system of ranking the data formats was used for the published data and the quality of data was cross-checked with the field survey and citizen science collected data. 2. Importance of the open data approach for multimodal travel improvement by Mandzuka et al. examines Multimodal Journey Planners (MJPs). MJPs provide travellers with better and more complete information when choosing a mode of transport so they can select the most suitable option for their needs. The open data approach is crucial for defining a system that responds to the end-users’ actual needs and aspirations. In this research, the importance of traffic data collection, acquisition and distribution according to the open data concept is described. 3. Open election data: Evidence from Croatia in a comparative perspective by Đurman et al. compares the seven major groups of electoral data available for the electoral process in EU27 and the United Kingdom, focusing on the temporal aspect of the timeliness of pre- during and post- election process data as well as providing additional details on the open electoral data available in Croatia. 4. Open access on GNSS permanent networks data in case of disaster by Latinčić et al. pointed out that although open access to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) permanent networks is highly beneficial for natural disaster management, access is currently often restricted. A high percentage of GNSS permanent network providers that participated in the research presented agreed that these data should be freely available in instances of natural disasters. The third identified trend: Improving the open data ecosystem, deals with the research not focused on the data sets itself, but rather in the components of the ecosystem required for its effective re-use and value generation: 1. In the article Framework for federated learning open models in e-Government applications, Guberović et al. develop a concept of the Federated Learning Open Model (FLOM) as an example for the third generation e-Government machine learning tool in the cohabitation of ethical computing and intelligent services. The authors apply the proposed FLOM framework to the horizontally partitioned data environment with the example of the agricultural commodity price prediction, as well as the vertically partitioned data environment on the example of the loan approval prediction. 2. In the Serious games for building data capacity, Di Staso et al. recognized the need for the fast awareness raising and the capacity building of the public institution employees and provide an overview and the assessment of twelve available teaching games covering that potential. 3. Towards digital innovation: Stakeholder interactions in agricultural data ecosystem in Croatia is an article in which Hrustek et al. analyse the requirements and the potential for data flow in Croatian agriculture data ecosystem, focusing on data supply from this data rich sector. In complex systems such as agriculture is, effective cooperation in promoting of the best management practices and sustainable value creating depends on understanding the myriad of stakeholders operating often in a decentralized data ecosystem. Identifying the stakeholders and their relationships is achieved by superimposing the stakeholder importance with respect to the estimated data supply based on the on-line queries and semi-structured interviews. Basically, the most important challenge in the research community today is enabling the multiand inter-disciplinary collaboration. The speed of the societal challenge of data empowered development and sustainability achievement in EU27 depends on the three trends identified in the submissions for the "Trends and Prospects of Opening Data in Problem Driven Societies". We can consider the dedicated issues on open data research as the important step in enabling multi-domain and interdisciplinary approach in applying open data to real world challenges through the maturation of open data ecosystems.

open data ecosystem ; open data trends ; open data challenges

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