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Increasing the Penetration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources in Island Energy Supply

With respect to energy supply, most of the islands depend on importation, mainly from oil and its related products, and others are dependent on weak electricity grid connections with mainland. Some are trying to become renewable islands, satisfying their energy demand mainly or entirely from indigenous and renewable sources. Since most available renewable energy sources are intermittent, energy storage has to be devised. The most promising technology is storing hydrogen, which can later be used for electricity production, and also for transport. This paper describes the H2RES model for optimisation of integration of hydrogen usage with intermittent renewable energy sources on the example of the island of Porto Santo, Madeira, Portugal. It shows that it is possible to significantly increase the penetration of renewable energy sources, albeit at a high cost. The H2RES model, which includes reversible hydro and batteries as storage technologies, can serve as a valuable tool for island energy planning.

Renewable Energy; Islands

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