engleski

Common pathogenetic factors in metabolic syndrome and dementia

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a defined cluster of clinical conditions, including hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, visceral adiposity, and dyslipidemia. Dementia is a group of symptoms that have in common deterioration in cognitive function, more than expected from the age of an individual, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common primary cause of dementia syndrome. Prevalence of both MetS and dementia, including due to AD, is growing at an explosive rate worldwide, both conditions are multifactorial and there is growing evidence of increased risk of dementia in patients with MetS. In this review, we described the potential underlying role of the main components of MetS in the mechanism of pathogenetic changes in dementia. Thee main pathophysiological factors that contribute to dementia are non-ischemic neurodegeneration and/or neuronal death with accompanying neuroinflammation, and vascular injury. Specific components of MetS may cause or exaggerate all these changes in an individual patient, leading to worsening or accelerating cognitive decline. Better understanding and recognition of the role and mechanism of MetS components as potential underlying factors in dementia is expected to have a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of dementia, as many of MetS components may be influenced by an appropriate change of habits and therapy.

Alzheimer's disease ; atherosclerosis ; cognitive dysfunction ; dementia ; diabetes mellitus ; hypertension ; metabolic syndrome ; obesity ; vascular complications

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