engleski

On the cusp of Breeding 4.0: Molecular plant breeding and interdisciplinarity

Thirty years ago, molecular plant breeding as an application of molecular biology tools in agriculture, predominantly included molecular biologists and agronomists. To make plant breeding more efficient, molecular biologists were focused on genotype using methods of genetic transformations and, recently, gene editing. On the other hand, agronomists, i.e. plant breeders were mostly interested in how molecular plant breeding could bridge the genotype-phenotype gap applying marker assisted selection (QTL mapping, GWAS or genomic selection). This breeding era is also known as Breeding 3.0 and it is the current state of the art characterized by inexpensive (pan)genome-wide data. However, it was shown that typical reductionist approach in genomics had limited potential for enhancing selection for quantitative traits in crops. The most important question is still how to adapt crops to better fit agricultural environments. It implies a (re)assessment of genotype × environment interaction on closing the genotype-phenotype gap. Moreover, traditional discipline-centered approaches should be converted to the integrative genotype × environment × management (G×E×M) framework to search the full spectrum of G×E×M combinations forming the adaptation landscape. It entails integration of vast data sets including high-throughput genomics, phenomics and other omics data applying also new paradigms such as precision agriculture and machine learning.

breeding eras, crops, genomics, genotype-phenotype gap, molecular plant breeding

nije evidentirano