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The Neolithic site Gorjani-Topole – preliminary results of palynological analysis from the Slavonia region (eastern Croatia)

Pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs has become standard biological proxies used in archaeology for understanding human-nature interactions, i.e. anthropogenic pressure or ecological "footprint". In addition, charcoal particles often indicate human-induced fire activity in some area. The multiproxy study of eight subsamples, isolated from four cores: GT-1, GT-3, GT-4, GT-6, were conducted with the aim of paleoenvironmental reconstruction. In total, 44 different polymorphs were recorded: 12 pollen taxa, 23 fungal spores / remains, four algal cyst, one amoebae and four palynomorphs of unknown origin. Among non-pollen palynomorphs with the greatest frequency and number occurred Pseudoschizaea. As the pollen spectrum is reduced, the analyzed samples do not allow the reconstruction of the plant cover in the subject area. The low pollen richness accompanied by the presence of only a few sporopollenin-rich pollen types indicates unfavourable preservation conditions in analysed core samples. The dominance of erosion/desiccation indicators supports the scenario of significant oscillations of the water column, with periodic drying of the substrate. Nevertheless, it is still possible to indicate paleoecological trends and partially interpret them, considering the indicator value of the few preserved palynomorphs. Of great importance are the finding of cultivated grass pollen (Cerealia) and other anthropogenic indicators like weed pollen (Convolvulus arvensis) in the GT-4 core. Moreover, Riccia moss spores or fungal Epicoccum spores could also indicate the anthropogenic impact on the study area.

pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, palaeoenvironment, Croatia, MOPRENS

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