engleski

Elements in brown and white rice samples (Oryza sativa L.) from the Croatian market

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important and widely grown staple crop. It represents a major part of the diet for more than a half of the world’s population. Due to its high carbohydrate content (mainly starch) it represents important source of energy, but it is also a valuable source of micronutrients, including minerals. It`s usually recommended as wheat alternative for persons who suffer from various allergies, intolerances and diseases such as celiac disease. Despite its high nutritional value, rice may contain undesirable levels of toxic elements, mainly As and Cd. In this study, aim was to determine the elemental composition of 58 rice samples (20 brown, 31 white and 7 parboiled) purchased from the Croatian market using ICP-MS method, and to investigate effects of processing type, cultivation method and the origin on element levels. Additionally, the consumers benefit and health risks from element exposure were quantified based on mean consumption of one serving of cooked rice [1]. Elements in rice were estimated in the order: P > K > Mg > Ca > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Mo > As > Se > Cd > Co. Brown rice contained 2 to 4-fold higher levels of essential elements Mg, P, K, Fe, Mn, Co, Zn and Se compared to white rice. Mean toxic element level in all samples were 0.142 ± 0.057 mg/kg for As and 0.038 ± 0.035 mg/kg for Cd, with highest values observed in conventionally produced integral rice sample (As: 0.259 mg/kg ; Cd: 0.207 mg/kg). Only one sample exceeded the European Commission limit for Cd of 0.20 mg/kg. Rice originated from the European Union had higher As but lower Se than those from Asia. Among integral rice, non-organically grown rice contained more P, K, Mg, Fe and Zn compared to organic ones. Moreover, negative relationship (r=-0, 47, p=0.0002) between As and Se in rice was found. According to data obtained in this study, rice, especially integral one, may be considered as an important source of P, Mg and Cu. Observed low toxic element levels in all rice samples along with the latest recorded consumption rate of 2.7 kg rice per capita among Croatian population [2] indicate that rice is, with regard to toxic element, safe for consumption. References: [1] M. Rogić, R. Kovačević, B. Horvat, in Dietary reccomendations for people with diabetes, 11th ed., Zagreb, Tiskara Varteks, 2003. [2] Statistic reports for rice consumption per capita in Croatia, https://www.helgilibrary.com/indicators/rice-consumption-per-capita/croatia/ (accessed 21 April 2022).

rice, essential elements, arsenic, cadmium, ICP-MS method

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