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The burden and epidemiology of anaerobic bacteremia: a retrospective multicenter multinational ESGAI cross-sectional study

The burden and epidemiology of anaerobic bacteremia is poorly described. The aim of the study was to characterize the incidence and evolution trends of anaerobic bacteremia in Europe and neighbouring countries in 2012 and 2018 both in terms of microbial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance. Retrospective multicenter study: 17 laboratory hospitals from 12 countries Results data: total number of adult patients with anaerobes, patients’ age, gender and hospitalization ward, laboratory methods, identification of isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility results were analysed. Burden of anaerobic bacteremia • The mean frequency of patients with anaerobes in BCs was 5% of patients, with important variations according to centers (2% to 14%), probably reflecting their medical activity. The reported incidence moderately increased between 2012 and 2018. • These patients were frequently hospitalized in emergency wards and intensive care units (25% and 22% of isolates), followed by medicine, digestive surgery and oncology (6.7%) Epidemiology of anaerobes in blood cultures • 50% of anaerobic BCs were obtained from emergency and Intensive care units, demonstrating their clinical importance • 4 genera represented 75% of isolates : Bacteroides, Cutibacterium, Clostridium and Fusobacterium • Cutibacterium acnes frequency significantly varied among centers, suggesting variations in Laboratory management of BCs (incubation time). Antimicrobial resistance reported rates • Antimicrobial resistance rates varied according to genera and remained stable between 2012 and 2018. • Clindamycin resistance was the most frequently observed phenotype, predominating in Bacteroides spp, Clostridium spp and anaerobic Gram positive rods. • 10% of Bacteroides spp were resistant to piperacillin- tazobactam. Carbapenems and metronidazole resistance rate were below 5%. • Metronidazole resistance was frequently reported in anaerobic Gram Positive cocci

anaerobes, antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance, Europe

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