engleski

Aetiology of infective gastroenterocolitis in the University Hospital of Split in 2020

Background Diarrhoea as a result of gastroenterocolitis kills 2195 children every day. Although the death rate has decreased in the last 15 years ; it’s one of the major problems for the healthcare system. In undeveloped countries, the disease is transmitted due to lack of sanitary infrastructure, while in developed countries by insufficient disinfection in hospitals and with frequent travelling. The aim of the research is to determine the frequency and distribution of bacterial and viral causes of enterocolitis, which were detected in the stool samples of patients at the University Hospital of Split in 2020 and to examine the susceptibility of the most common bacterial pathogens to antimicrobial drugs. Methods A retrospective study was performed to analyse data collected from the Departmant of Microbiology, University Hospital of Split in 2020. All bacterial and viral causes of enterocolitis that were detected in the patient’s stool samples were analysed. Results A total of 843 pathogens were detected. The most common detected pathogens were Clostridioides difficile (47%), Helicobacter pylori (22%), Campylobacter spp (11%), Rotavirus (8%) and Salmonella spp (5 %). Of the total number, norovirus was detected in 3%, while EPEC and Adenoviruses were represented by 2%, and EHEC with only 1%. The remaining 0.4% of pathogens were C. upsaliensis, Aeromonas hydrophilia and Yersinia enterocolitica, each of which was represented by one isolate. Most isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli were well susceptible to macrolides (99 and 94% of the tested isolates), but showed high resistance to quinolones (79 and 71% of the tested isolates). Salmonella spp. showed high susceptibility to trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (100%) and chloramphenicol (98%), while 23% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 25% to ceftriaxone and 35% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Conclusions The most common cause of hospital acquired diarrhoea is C. difficile. The most common isolated bacterial pathogen from outpatients is Campylobacter spp. Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli have high resistance to quinolones. The most common viral cause of diarrhoea is Rotavirus. The frequency of pathogens varies with the age of the patients ; Rotavirus is the most prevalent in children under 1 year, and C. difficile in patients older than 65.

infective gastroenterocolitis, community and hospital acquired diarrhoea, antimicrobial susceptibility

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