engleski

Validation of changes in the cost behavior of different transport modes during the crisis

Following the recent increase in total transportation costs due to the impact of Covid-19 and geopolitical instability in the region, there is a need to reanalyze the cost behavior of the various modes of transportation. The objective of the study is to determine whether the impact of these exogenous factors has changed the correlation between transportation costs and distance in road, rail, and maritime transportation. Linear regression was used to test the relationship between the selected variables. Due to the commercial importance of global trade, spatial distribution, and extensive geographic network, the Asia-Europe transportation route based on port-to-port connections was chosen as the basis for the study. The results show a linear increase in unit costs for road transport with each increase in distance and their complete functional dependence. The relation of unit cost for ocean transportation and distance shows a decreasing trend, with an inverse dependence between the selected parameters. Finally, the unit cost for rail transportation and distance to the selected destinations show a weak inverse dependence under the given conditions. The research results confirm the cost-distance relationship for the road and maritime modes, which was consistent in the pre- and post-Covid periods. However, the trends in the cost-distance relations in rail transport changed from positive to negative dependence during the periods considered. This suggests that cost behavior in road transport is still based on a specific tariff, while in maritime transport are based on individual contracts. Changes in the cost behavior in rail transport could be an indicator for an adjustment of the pricing model.

linear regression ; transport modes ; Asia-Europe route ; competitiveness

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