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What does a Chlorine do?

Cyanine dyes are compounds that find wide applications in many fields but initially were used in the development of photographic films, then as luminescent markers of biomacromolecules or sensitive probes for biomembrane fluidity [1] and potential. Substituents placed at different positions of the aromatic system can improve the photophysical properties of cyanine dyes, water solubility and interactions with DNA, but also affect the electronic properties of chromophores. [2] Our intent was to evaluate the influence of three cyanine dyes derivatives on recognition of various single-stranded, double-stranded, and triple-stranded DNA/RNA using several biophysical methods including thermal melting, fluorometry and circular dichroism. Confocal microscopy and MTT test were applied for in vitro study. All synthesized derivatives caused triplex formation of consecutive rA/dA-containing nucleic acid helices. In the case of derivative 3, the most pronounced effect was the induction of H- aggregate formation, which depended on the presence of rA strand in all forms of nucleic acids (single, double, and triple-stranded). Compound 3 exerted strong antiproliferative effect on all tumor cell lines. It’s also shown to be particularly good mitochondrial probe which, in addition to demonstrated cytotoxic activity, makes this derivative promising therapeutic lead.

Cyanine dyes, DNA/RNA recognition, Triplex helix formation, H-aggregate, Mitochondrial dyes, Cell viability

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