engleski

Pharmaceutical analysis for personalized breast cancer treatment

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world with 2.3 million new cases diagnosed in 2020 [1]. This type of cancer is of great public health interest and reducing its burden on the healthcare systems worldwide is of high importance. Over 70 % of breast cancers are hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) [2]. Today, the standard therapy for locally advanced or metastatic HR+/ HER2- breast cancer is a combination of cyclin-D dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy because of better overall survival and progression-free survival. However, despite therapeutic benefits, these drugs exhibit serious side effects and toxicities. This problem can be tackled with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) which has been proven to improve clinical outcomes for some anticancer drugs. In order to enable precise determination of plasma concentrations of these drugs, advanced analytical methods have to be developed. One of the most common techniques utilized for this purpose is liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer. As a greener alternative, capillary electrophoresis with a mass spectrometer can be employed. Often for plasma drug analysis additional concentration and cleanup of a sample are required in which case various on-line or off-line concentrations like dispersive liquid- liquid microextraction (DLLME) or solidphase extraction (SPE) can be implemented. Finally, these methods applied to breast cancer patients' plasma samples can result in a determination of an individual's own pharmacokinetic parameters with subsequent optimal drug dosage, better clinical outcomes and less side effects. This research was funded by Croatian Science Foundation, grant numbers HRZZ-UIP-2019- 04-8461 and DOK-2021-02-4595.

capillary electrophoresis ; liquid chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; sample preparation ; CDK4/6 inhibitors ; hormone theraphy ; breast cancer

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