engleski

Organic chemistry in water

It is an exceptional challenge to perform organic reactions in water. In the last decade, scientific research in the field of water as a green solvent has continued to grow exponentially. Apart from being cheap, water is harmless to the environment and sometimes gives completely unexpected reactivity in reactions. There is a wide range of organic reactions that can take place in water: from common oxidoreduction reactions, reactions involving carbocations and carboanions, pericyclic reactions, transition metal reactions and others. Organic reactions in an aqueous medium are used in the chemistry of carbohydrates and in the chemical modification of biomolecules. More recently, water has been used as a medium in microwave synthesis. It has been proven that water as a solvent, due to its hydrophobic effect, increases the reaction rates and selectivity of the reaction even when the reactants are are sparingly soluble or insoluble in this medium. This review gives an insight into the importance of this field since organic reactions in water as a solvent take place according to the principles of green chemistry. It is interesting to note that unexpected new reactivities of organic reactions were discovered in water. The development of concrete applications of water as a solvent in organic chemistry has great potential for the future development of this area.

organic chemistry ; reaction in water ; enviroment friendly reactions ; green chemistry

nije evidentirano