engleski

PAIN MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND END STAGE RENAL DISEASE

Pain is a complex uncomfortable sensation caused by a multitude of etiological factors. It is divided into many different types, differing by the mechanism of origin and the presence of other subjective sensations related to pain. The phenomenon of pain is a subjective one, with various painful stimuli being described and felt differently among individual patients. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those with end stage renal disease (ESRD), are often undertreated for pain, resulting in lowered adherence to therapy and a higher incidence of anxiety and depression, ultimately leading to an overall lower quality of life. There are many factors included in the undertreatment of pain in this patient population, with the main ones being inadequate pain assessment and fear of prescribing pain medication due to renal function impairment. Materials and methods: A search of the available literature was performed through PubMed, using the following keywords: “pain management”, “chronic kidney disease”, “end stage renal disease”. The results were filtered and studied, with the final version of the review using 39 papers as references, with additional information about specific medications acquired from the manufacturers’ websites and drug information sheets. Result and conclusion: This review aims to educate all physicians working with CKD patients and provide an overview of the most commonly used pharmacologic pain management strategies and their feasibility in treating this sensitive patient population, therefore hopefully making the current statistics of undertreated pain in CKD less grim than they currently are. It is by no means a complete resource for every analgesic drug and their interactions with the kidneys, but is a comprehensive review of the most commonly used analgesic modalities aimed at providing physicians with a quick, easy to consult guide on the logistics of managing and treating pain in a population that needs it the most.

Chronic Kidney Disease ; Pain Management

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