engleski

Effect of smoking on implant stability at the time of implant uncovering

Background & Aim: Smoking has a well known effect on periodontal tissues, however its effect on peri-implant tissue healing is still debatable. The aim was to assess the effect of smoking on implant stability at the time of uncovering and possible impact of gender, oral hygiene and implant position. Methods: Thirty patients were enrolled (17 females and 13 males ; 15 smokers(S) and 15 non-smokers (NS)) with a total of 61 implants (29 non-smokers and 32 smokers). The investigation included a questionnaire and clinical examination. Data on gender, implant position (upper or lower jaw), years of smoking and number of cigarettes per day (0, 1-10, 10-20, >20) were recorded. Oral hygiene was assessed as poor, good or excellent, and Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) was measured at the time of implant uncovery (0 - 60 low, 60 - 69 moderate, 70 - 100 high) by using Penguin RFA device (Integration Diagnostics Sweden AB). Results: Average ISQ value for all tested implants was 66, 9±7, 2 (range 51 to 84). Smokers had significantly lower ISQ values (64.7±6.1 for S vs. 69.4±7.5 for NS) with moderate effect size (r=0.328, p=0.010). The increase in number of cigarettes per day correlated with decrease of implant stability. Gender and oral hygiene did not play a significant role, although there was a tendency of better oral hygiene towards improvement of ISQ. Implants in the lower jaw had significantly higher ISQ values with a large effect size (r=0.470, p=0.000), as well as 3, 4 times higher odds to have excellent stability compared to the implants placed in maxilla. Conclusions: Smoking and its intensity have a significant effect on reduction of implant stability at the time of uncovering, as well as positioning in the maxilly. Gender and oral hygiene are not significant determinants of implant stability.

implant stability ; periimplantitis ; smoking

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