engleski

Incidence, characterization and transmission of grapevine badnavirus 1

Grapevine badnavirus 1 (GBV-1) was discovered in 2018 in Croatian autochthonous grapevine cultivars Ljutun and Vlaška, originating from the Kaštela region with symptoms of reduced growth. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and abundance of the virus, virus particle characteristics, genome variability in the reverse transcriptase region (RT), and modes of transmission. During 2018 and 2021, 4302 samples were collected from 88 vineyards and DNA was isolated. Based on the analysis of existing data, primers and probes for the detection of GBV-1 by PCR (conventional and real-time) were developed. Morphological characterization of virus particles and cytopathology were determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), while transmission experiments tested possibility of transmission by vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus), mechanical inoculation, and also by seeds and grafting. The presence of the virus was confi rmed in the three collection plantations and in 29 vineyards in the coastal region, with an overall virus incidence of 13.4%. The TEM analysis showed the bacilliform shape of the virus particles and their distribution in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. The analysis of the part of RT genomic region showed the similarity of Croatian isolates at the nucleotide level ranging from 94.1 to 100% and at the amino acid level from 92.6 to 100%. Vine mealybug was found to be a vector of GBV-1 with a 55% vine- to-vine transmission rate. Transmission by grafting was also demonstrated, but not by mechanical inoculation or by seeds from virus- infected plants.

RT-PCR, qPCR, TEM, sequencing, Planococcus ficus

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