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Evaluation of selected plant polyphenols as antioxidants and inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and alpha-glucosidase

Polyphenols, widely distributed in the plant kingdom and abundant in our diet, are among the most discussed phytochemicals of biological interest today. They have gained great importance due to their potential use as prophylactic and therapeutic agents in many diseases. In this study, the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of thirty selected polyphenolic compounds were demonstrated. The relationship between the structural features of polyphenols and their specific biological effects was examined. Most of the tested flavonoids, phenolic acids, and stilbenes showed significant ability to scavenge free radicals, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and act as reducing agents. Gallic acid showed the highest reducing capacity (IC50: 1.21. mg/mL) and the ability to scavenge DPPH and NO radicals (IC50: 2.09 mg/mL and 12.36 mg/mL, respectively). Myricetin was the most potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation (IC50 1, 76 mg/mL). Of all the polyphenols studied, resveratrol showed the greatest ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-glucosidase, reaching 50% efficacy at a concentration of 55.71 µg/mL. This study suggests that certain polyphenols could be promising therapeutics for oxidative stress- related chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, by acting as antioxidants with a multitarget mechanism of action and as AChE and α-glucosidase inhibitors.

polyphenols ; plants ; antioxidant ; enzyme inhibition

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