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Effects of low-calorie and different weight- maintenance diets on plasma N-glycome composition

Over half of all proteins are altered by covalently bound glycans that are crucial for maintaining a normal physiological role of glycoproteins. Aberrant glycosylation is associated with a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular and immunological disorders. Alterations in sialylation and fucosylation of circulating glycoproteins have recently been shown to be affected by the diet, however, this is the first study that considered plasma proteins’ susceptibility to different dietary regimes for weight control after the initial weight loss. To investigate plasma protein glycosylation alterations due to weight loss and successive weight-maintenance diets, 1850 glycomes from participants of the Diogenes study were analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). Diogenes study is a large dietary intervention study in which participants were subjected to a low-calorie diet (LCD) followed by one of five weight-maintenance diets (low protein/low glycaemic index, low protein/high glycaemic index, high protein/low glycaemic index, high protein/high glycaemic index and control) in a period of 6 months when the participants were at risk of regaining the formerly lost weight. The most notable alteration of the plasma glycome was 8 weeks after the subjects engaged in the LCD ; a significant increase of low-branched glycan structures, accompanied by a decrease of high- branched glycan structures. After the LCD period, there was also a significant rise in fucosylated N-glycan structures, both core and antennary. Moreover, we have observed a significant decrease in trigalactosylated and trisialylated glycans and a concomitant increase in tetragalactosylated and tetrasialylated glycan structures. Interestingly, we did not observe significant changes between different diets, and almost all effects we have observed immediately after the LCD period were annulled during the weight maintenance diets.

plasma N-glycans, weight loss, low-calorie diet, glyoproteins

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