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Population structure and admixture in closely related Czech Norik horse populations

The Silesian Norik and the Czech Norik are Czech local draft horse breeds with a common history. These two Czech Norik breeds originated from the Austrian Norik breed. Although the Silesian Norik has been included in the Czech genetic reserve since 1990, genetic differentiation between these historically related Czech draft horse populations is considered to be low due to their shared history. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic diversity based on 36 981 autosomal SNPs of the two Czech local Norik breeds (Silesian Norik and Czech Norik) together with the one Slovak local Norik breed (Muran Norik) and the original Austrian Norik breed. Other horse breeds kept in the Czech and Slovak Republics (Old Kladruber horse, Hucul and Shagya Arabian) were also included to study population structure, admixture and genetic relationships between Norik populations. Relatedness and population structure were analysed using Wright's FST coefficient, unsupervised Bayesian clustering, and multivariate analyses (principal component and discriminant analysis). We also estimated genomic inbreeding rate (FROH) and effective population size (NeLD) for each breed. We demonstrated that the Czech local Norik breeds are strongly genetically linked. Therefore, in further population management, an appropriate breeding strategy should be applied to preserve the Silesian Norik as a unique Czech genetic reserve, distinct from other Norik breeds.

admixture ; genomic diversity ; effective population size ; horse ; population structure

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