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Identification of selection signatures in Croatian Arabian horse

Ancient records testify the presence of Arabian horse on Croatian grounds for hundreds of years. Its population size varied depending on the given circumstances of a given time and social events. Today’s Croatian Arabian horse originates from the stud farm Borike founded in 1895 which unfortunately ended its existence in 2019. There were four main sources from which today’s Croatian Arabian horses derive their ancestry: purebred Arabian horses from Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iraq ; the horses from the stud farm in Babolna (Hungary), the horses from the stud farm in Slawuta (Poland) and one stallion from the stud farm Radautz (Austria). Nowadays, the Arabian horse is bred at a stud farm Višnjica and by the private owners in Croatia. Due to all these circumstances, we assumed that a special type of Arabian horse was created, adapted to the needs and characteristics of Croatian breeding requirements. For that reason, 70 samples of pure Arabian and Shagya-Arab horses were genotyped using GeneSeek® Genomic Profiler™ Equine SNP BeadChip 70K (73860 SNPs). In order to identify the selection signatures, two approaches were used: 1) detection of extreme Runs of Homozygosity islands (eROHi) and 2) across populations identification of SNPs with extremely high FST values (ehFST). To analyse the FST values, we compared the Croatian Arabian horse population with other international and related breeds populations across the world using data available from other studies. The results from this study will certainly contribute to better understanding of the genomic structure of Croatian Arabian horses as well as a good starting point to implement the genomic information in the existing breeding programme.

Croatian Arabian horse ; selection signatures ; runs of homozygosity ; FST values

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